Ocean waves are "emergent phenomena" that arise out of the complexity of forces active in a large body of water. Photo by Chris Potter.
QUOTES
Francis
Galton
I know of scarcely anything so apt to impress the imagination as the wonderful
form of cosmic order expressed by the ‘Law of Frequency of Error’.
Gerd
Gigerenzer et al
Probability and statistics have transformed our ideas of nature, mind
and society, changing the structure of power as well as of knowledge.
ARTICLES
On the Algorithmic Nature of the World
by Hector Zenil and Jean-Paul Delahaye
A test based on the theory of algorithmic complexity and an experimental
evaluation of Levin’s universal distribution to identify evidence in
support of or in contravention of the claim that the world is algorithmic
in nature.
Extending Galton's Binomial Quincunx to the Trinomial Septcunx
by Jennifer Harlow, Bry Ashman, and Raazesh Sainudiin
A project to create a visual cognitive tool for graphically illustrating
the construction of the binomial and trinomial random vectors in two
and three dimensions.
BOOKS
Entropy and art,
by Rudolf Arnheim
Order is a necessary condition for anything the human mind is to understand.
Arrangements such as the layout of a city or building, a set of tools, a display
of merchandise, the verbal exposition of facts or ideas, or a painting or piece
of music are called orderly when an observer or listener can grasp their overall
structure and the ramification of the structure in some detail. Order makes it
possible to focus on what is alike and what is different, what belongs together
and what is segregated. When nothing superfluous is included and nothing indispensable
left out, one can understand the interrelation of the whole and its parts, as
well as the hierarchic scale of importance and power by which some structural
features are dominant, others subordinate. (pdf)
Bursts
by Albert-László Barabási
Randomness does not rule our lives, contrary to what scientists had previously
assumed. (abridged version online)
DEMONSTRATIONS
Mozarts's Musical Dice Game
In 1787, Mozart wrote the measures and instructions for a musical composition
dice game. This site is an implementation of such a game.
Computer Animation of Money Exchange Models
produced by Justin Chen under the guidance of Victor Yakovenko
Does an iron law of inequality exists in perfect games of chance where
all the players play rationally?
Uncunx Java Applet
by Jeffrey S. Rosenthal
This applet simulates an "uncunx" (a modification of the standard "quincunx" device)
for illustrating probability distributions.
SUMMARIES
What Is Random?: chance and order in mathematics and life,
by Edward Beltrami
Order and randomness are really two sides of the same mysterious coin.
